Task 9: terminology

• Production -The making of the film.
• Distribution- The administrating of the film. 
• Exhibition- The showing of the film. 
• Big Six- Paramount pictures, Universal, 20th Century Fox, Warner Brothers, Disney, Columbia). 90% of tickets sold at box office are from Big Six films.
• Indie films- (Summit entertainment, Film 4, Icon).
• Vertical integration (also known as holy integrated company)- working only with their own company. 
• Horizontal integration- working with other companies.
• Mini majors- Dream Works, The Weinstein Company, Lions gate entertainment. 
• 'Green-lit' - Funding has been made,therefore the producers can begin to produce the film. 
• Film Franchise- Loyal brand, stick with a film even if previous film was rubbish. For example Fast and Furious.
• Intellectual property- Intellectual property refers to the ownership of intangible and non-physical goods, it also refers to digital media such as audio and video clips that can be downloaded online .
• Turnaround- arrangement in film industry where by the production costs to a product which one studio has developed are declared a loss on the companies tax return, thereby preventing the studio from exploiting the property any further. 
• Analog device- a combination of both analog machine and analog media that can together measure, record or reproduce continuous information.
• HD-cam- is a high definition video camera, these are much cheaper than a standard film camera.
• 'Tangerine' film- a film that was recorded all on an iPhone.
• Release date- a fixed date on which the product of the film is due to become available for the public to see or buy.
• VOD- video on demand.
• Mainstream- the most current and normal thing to do or watch.
• Independent- an independent film is a film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies.  
• Exchange- how someone watches the film. 
• Pre-production- work done on a film before full-scale production begins. 
• Monopoly- is when a single company owns all of the market for a given type of product. 
• Oligopoly- is when multiple companies work together to create a product.
• Synergy- a state in which two or more companies work together in a particularly beneficial way that produces an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. 
• Ultraviolet-a marketing technique that enables people to share their DVDs with other people by using the tag on the back of the DVD.
• Merchandise- the activity of promoting the sale of goods,and branded products are used to promote a film. 
• Marketing- that action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. 
• Cross media convergence- is the way that different products are produced and distributed on different platforms.  
• Convergence- is the merging of technologies into one platform or device. 
• Synergy- is the production of a text/linked products across different media forms usually within the same company. 
• Consumption-
• Piracy-
• Hollywood franchise model (4s)-
• Tie-in- 
• Multi-national conglomerate-
• Below the line-
• Above the line- 
• Digital film- is any storage medium such as a memory card used in a digital camera to capture and store images. A digital cinema doesn't die out. 

Advantages of a digital cinema:

• The films used in analog cinemas degrade with time, but digital images do not and even if a DVD is scratched, it could easily be backed up in a hard disk or another DVD. 
• Digital cinemas can be shown and managed in the theatres, by unskilled labor ( with minimal training) as the management terminal is PC-based and simple to handle, unlike analog film based cinemas, which need dedicated personnel for receiving, prepping, showing, dismantling and returning the movie tape films.
• Distributions of digital cinema's are simpler, fast and in-expensive than the time taken and cost incurred for the shipping and handling of heavy film tapes.
•  Addition/deletion of scenes after the movies have been released in easier/cheaper with Digital cinemas.
• Piracy could be more effectively monitored with robust copy protection, encryption and water marking processes for digital cinemas. The chances of introducing a new anti-piracy technology is higher in the digital format. 
• The solid state projectors used with Digital Cinemas are smaller and occupy less space than their analog counterpart.

Disadvantages of digital cinema:

• The quality of digital projection is comparable with analog film based projection. Some people feel that the quality of analog film based projection is better than digital projection and the image reproduction is more natural.
• Most of the theatres are equipped with film based projectors and to replace them entirely with digital projectors would involve a lot of cost and re-designing for the theatre owners.
• Digital data always has a higher risk of getting pirated than their analog counterparts.
• Digital technologies are prone to technological obsolescence. With newer technologies/improvements introduced so fast, the existing digital equipment might get outdated faster and some of them may not be upgrade-able to newer technologies, introducing a higher risk on investing in them.
• Analog/film based cameras are even today considered better for outdoor/day-light shoots as digital cameras produce inconsistent images when exposed to high brightness environments. 
• If the digital camera uses 4k resolution to capture digital images for good clarity, the cine projector displaying that image also needs to support 4k resolution to display the images at that clarity. But, there are a very few 4k projectors installed in theatres around the world.
• The digital standards of recording/play back keep changing and hence many digital cinemas are converted to analog films for storage and archival.